Kluwer Construction Blog

A) The Angra 3 Nuclear Power Project

Nuclear energy provides about 3% of Brazil’s electricity. In 2007, gross production was 445 billion kWh, with net imports of 39 billion kWh being required. Of the total generated in the country, 84% of power was from hydro, 3.5% from gas, 4% from biomass, just over 5% from coal and oil, and 3% (12.4 million kWh) from nuclear. In 2009, nuclear power generated 13 billion kWh of electricity. Per capita electricity consumption in Brazil has grown strongly since 1990 – from under 1500 kWh/yr in 1990 to nearly 2200 kWh/yr in 2007.

The high dependence on hydro gives rise to some climatic vulnerability which is driving policy to diminish dependence on it. Des [...]

A new President and her plans to improve the Brazilian airport system

As the ninth largest economy in the world – expected to reach fifth place in the next decade – and the largest of Latin America, Brazil is today one of the best markets for foreign investment and an increasingly important operator in the international geopolitical stage. Despite that, three recent reports have described the quality of Brazil’s transport infrastructure – including the airport system – as ranking among some of the worst in the world, despite growing demand from international manufacturers for goods produced in the country.

a) The first report, by the Brazilian economic consultancy LCA Consultores – which ana [...]

Auction date has been defined

The meeting held between Dilma Roussef, the Brazilian President-elect and members of the State Office and the Government transport sector sealed the date for the auction for the bullet train that will connect Campinas-São Paulo-Rio de Janeiro. According to Dilma’s decision, it will take place on November 29, 2010.

Requests had been made by businessmen to postpone this date, and in view of this, the meeting was held yesterday been the President-elect and the members of the government responsible for the auction.

According to allegations of interested parties, the administration had delayed in disclosing the rules due to the electoral process, which allegedly [...]

“Thus the future American Business will require the highest degree of sensitivity to the political framework in which it functions and to the great coming changes in the World political process.” KISSINGER, Henry A. (1977). Speech before the Future of Business Project of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Georgetown, Virginia, Washington, D.C.

“First, it is clear that managers consider political instability and/or political risk, typically quite loosely defined, to be an important factor in the foreign investment decision. Second, It is just as clear that rigorous and systematic assessment and evaluation of the political environment is exceptional. Most political a [...]

Introduction

With the loss of capability of investment by the public sector, there was a global tendency in 80’s and 90’s to diminish the role of the State, with the privatization and concession of public services to the private sector. In Brazil, The Brazilian Privatization Program – PND, was instituted under the Law No. 8,031, of 04/12/1990, when the concept of privatization became an integral part of the economic reforms initiated by the Federal Government. At that time, all effort was concentrated on the sale of productive state owned companies, tied to strategic sectors, which allowed the inclusion of steel manufacturers, petrochemical and fertilizer companies in the PND.

Between 19 [...]

The Brazilian bullet train project

On July 13th 2010 Brazilian Federal Government launched bidding documents regarding the concession regime and procedures for implementation and operation of the High-Speed Rail (TAV – Trem de Alta Velocidade) that will connect the cities of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Campinas. The project, the most ambitious infrastructure project under the country’s Program to Accelerate Growth (PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento), specifies that the construction, operation, and maintenance will be granted to the consortium that provides the lowest fare for service.

The concession contract establishes the limit of six years to complete the entire stret [...]

For the past 10 years, the private initiative has invested more in the Brazilian railway system than the Federal, State or municipal governments altogether (public initiative). With the prospect of a World Cup (2014), Olympic Games (2016) and lots of investments in the energy sector, Federal and State governments are willing to play a more decisive role on this area.

According to a survey recently disclosed by the Ipea – Institute of Applied Economic Research (www.ipea.gov.br), while private capital injections have grown steadily during this period, State investments have faltered. In 1999, public initiative counted only R$ 20.9 million in railways while private initiative channeled R$ 232.8 [...]

Continuing our last discussion on PPPs in Brazil, we should note that PPP LAW applies to government entities (including mixed-capital companies) directly or indirectly controlled by the Federal Government, States, Federal District and Municipalities. Article 2 of PPP LAW defines PPP as follows: “Public-Private Partnership is an administrative concession contract that may assume the form of either a sponsored or an administrative concession contract.” PPPs are expected to be implemented concurrently with existing concession contracts, focusing on infrastructure projects. PPP LAW provides for sponsored concession and administrative concession.

The administrative concession is defined in Ar [...]

Federal Law No. 11079, 2004 [PPP LAW] instituted the general rules for bidding and contracting of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) within the realm of public administration. This is an important volley in the Brazilian government efforts to develop funding and management alternatives for public works in furtherance of the bidding system instituted by the Federal Law No. 8666, 1993 [Brazilian BIDDING LAW] and to reduce the state presence in the Brazilian economy.

Firstly introduced in the Anglo-Saxon world as an alternative to privatization and to the former system, under which the government administration was responsible for ownership, maintenance and operation of assets of public interes [...]

Trend for ADRs, specially Arbitration in Latin America

For the last decade or so, development of arbitration as an effective method for out-of-court resolution of disputes in Latin America has been intense, with new local legislations being adopted in several countries of the region. In many of these countries, consolidation of and credibility on arbitration have been dependent on the support given by local courts. This is exactly what happened in Brazil.

Arbitration finally came to place in Brazil

The Brazilian Arbitration Law was enacted in 1996 (Law 9307, of September 23, 1996) and brought the long hoped-for binding power and compulsory enforcement of the arbitration clause. The new La [...]